While the Responsibility to Protect emphasizes the primacy of preventing atrocity crimes, situations do occur in which a State manifestly fails to protect its population. Where national authorities are unwilling or unable, Pillar III embodies the international community’s commitment to take collective action in a timely and decisive manner in accordance with the United Nations Charter. This could involve targeted sanctions against the perpetrators of violence against minorities, diplomatic initiatives to pressure or isolate relevant parties, special political missions led by representatives of the Secretary-General, referral to the International Criminal Court, and action authorised by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. As I have outlined, implementing the Responsibility to Protect involves a wide range of tools. Much more can be done by using existing mechanisms and resources in smarter ways to address the risks facing minorities and other groups vulnerable to atrocity crimes. As proposed by the Secretary-General in his 2014 report on the Responsibility to Protect, our Office will be undertaking a review of the progress made in implementing this important principle since the 2005 World Summit. In addition to identifying where capacity has been built, and where gaps remain, this process will also set a new, ambitious agenda for the decade ahead. It will grapple with emerging challenges, such as those posed by non-State actors like the so-called Islamic State in Syria and the Levant, and identify clear priorities for improving the practical protection provided to populations at risk. I can ensure you that the concerns of national minorities will be at the heart of this exercise. Let me conclude by emphasizing that the international community’scommitment to uphold the Responsibility to Protect is more important than ever in our globalised world, where populations are constantly changing and migratory flows are contributing to making States more and more heterogeneous, including in terms of ethnic and religious representation. By upholding minority rights, States not only set the foundations for protection structures within their national borders but also create the conditions for social stability and cohesion, thus building resilience to atrocity crimes. Clearly, protection is prevention. I thank you for your attention.