A/HRC/41/55 rejected within communities”.16 In Europe, neo-Nazi and related ideological messages too often form part of mainstream discourse, and this is related to the national and local political ascendance of parties embracing far-right views, which can include racist ideology rooted in theories of white supremacy and ethno-nationalism. The political endorsement of far-right views aids in the broader endorsement of such views, even as Islamist extremist discourse remains widely rejected in the region. 17 12. The Special Rapporteur notes that information and data available about the implication of young people in violent extremism mainly focuses on Islamist extremism. Very little information is available about counter-extremism programmes focusing on farright or neo-Nazi extremism. 18 Despite the rise in neo-Nazi and white supremacist extremism, only a few States in the European region and North America have addressed radicalization and recruitment by hate groups in national strategies to counter terrorism, 19 which are largely focused on Islamist extremism. 13. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur commends recent development in Europe. In response to the recent increase in neo-Nazi and related extremist violent attacks in Europe, the European Parliament adopted a resolution condemning the lack of serious and efficient action against the rise of neo-Nazi and fascist groups in Europe on 25 October 2018.20 In the resolution, the European Parliament urges member States to “effectively ban neo-fascist and neo-Nazi groups and any other foundation or association that exalts and glorifies Nazism and fascism”. 14. As noted in the Special Rapporteur’s report to the General Assembly submitted pursuant to Assembly resolution 72/156, technology companies have an important role to play in combating glorification of Nazism and related ideologies online. 21 Of note, following the Christchurch attack, Facebook and Instagram imposed a “ban on praise, support and representation of white nationalism and white separatism” on their platforms.22 The Special Rapporteur welcomes this stand against racism and intolerance. IV. Issue in focus: recruitment of young people by Nazi, neo-Nazi and other extremist hate groups A. Neo-Nazi and related recruitment 15. Right-wing populists’ political embrace of supremacist ideologies has aided neoNazi and related recruitment. Such recruitment occurs through popular culture, and new technologies have expanded the recruitment capacities of these groups. In her report submitted to the General Assembly pursuant to Assembly resolution 72/156, the Special Rapporteur describes the use of new information technologies for neo-Nazi and related recruitment, and refers Member States to that analysis.23 16. Music plays an important role in the radicalization and recruitment strategies of neoNazi and related hate groups. In the 1980s, white-power music and concerts provided a 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 Sterkenburg, Gssime and Meines, “Local-level management of far-right extremism”, pp. 7–8. Ibid. See, for example, submissions from Argentina, Italy, Sweden and Turkey. See, for example, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Counter-Extremism Strategy (2015); National Strategy for Counterterrorism of the United States of America (October 2018); and the submission received from Serbia. European Parliament resolution of 25 October 2018 on the rise of neo-fascist violence in Europe (2018/2869(RSP)). See A/73/312, in particular paragraphs 35–42. Facebook, “Standing against hate” (27 March 2019). Available at https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/. A/73/312, paras. 13–17.