CRC/C/CHN/CO/3-4 deep underlying causes and long-standing grievances of Tibetans. It is further concerned about reports of detention and imprisonment of Tibetan children accused of “inciting” selfimmolations, and of harassment and intimidation of families of victims, which could exacerbate the situation and lead to more self-immolations. 36. The Committee urges the State party to engage in a genuine dialogue with children, religious and community leaders in Tibet Autonomous Region in an effort to halt self-immolations and protect the inherent right to life, survival and development of all Tibetan children. It specifically recommends that the State party: (a) Take urgent measures to resolve the deep-rooted grievances of Tibetan children and their families, including by reassessing and reforming policies and programmes which have led to the immolations and protests by children in Tibet Autonomous Region; (b) Ensure that Tibetan children injured after self-immolating have full access to free medical treatment and that their conditions are independently verified and publicly reported; (c) Refrain from arresting and detaining Tibetan children and implementing security measures that may exacerbate the situation, and ensure that children arrested or sentenced for “instigating” or “inciting” self-immolation can gain full access to their right to legal aid and fair trial. Respect for the views of the child 37. While the Committee notes the establishment of child participation forums, it is concerned about the lack of effective and broad mechanisms, in all areas of the State party’s jurisdiction, to promote and facilitate respect for the views of all children and children’s participation in all matters affecting them. 38. The Committee recommends that the State party establish effective consultative mechanisms in mainland China, Hong Kong, China and Macao, China to ensure respect for the views of children and their participation in all matters affecting them, including in the development of policymaking, court decisions and programme implementation. C. Civil rights and freedom (arts. 7, 8, 13–17, 19 and 37 (a) of the Convention) Birth registration, name and nationality 39. The Committee is concerned that the rate of birth registration is low in poor and remote areas of mainland China and among girls, migrant children, adopted children and children whose birth would put a family above the limit of the locally “sanctioned” family size. It remains particularly concerned that: (a) The current family-planning policies on birth registration, including the issuance of birth certificates and the negative impact of financial and other forms of penalties and practices, significantly deter parents or guardians from registering their children; (b) The family household registration (hukou) to which the birth registration is attached impedes birth registration of children of migrant workers; (c) Numerous administrative requirements for obtaining a birth certificate and complex registration procedures create many barriers to birth registration. 8