442 UNDRIP, Article 34. 443 Art. 8, para. 2. Additionally, the Convention sets out that ‘[t]o the extent compatible with the national legal system and internationally recognized human rights, the methods customarily practised by the peoples concerned for dealing with offences committed by their members shall be respected’ (Art. 9, para. 1). 444 UN Doc. E/CN.4/2002/83, 31 January 2002, para. 6. 445 Ibid. 446 GA/RES/48/104, 85th plenary meeting, 20 December 1993, Article 4. 447 Fourth World Conference on Women, 15 September 1995, A/CONF.177/20 (1995) and A/CONF.177/20/Add.1 (1995). 448 Adopted by the 2nd Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Union, Maputo , 11 July 2003. 449 HRC, General Comment No. 28: Equality of rights between men and women (Article 3), UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10, 29 March 2000. 450 See, for example, Concluding Observations on: Botswana, UN Doc. CCPR/C/BWA/CO/1, 24 April 2008, para. 11; and Zambia, UN Doc. CCPR/C/ZMB/CO/3, 9 August 2007, para. 13. 451 HRC, General Comment No. 28: Equality of rights between men and women (Article 3), UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10, 29 March 2000. 452 Ibid. 453 UN Doc. CCPR/C/Can/CO/5, 20 April 2006, para. 22. 454 Concluding Observations on Namibia, UN Doc. CERD/C/NAM/CO/12, 19 August 2008, para. 11. 455 Ibid. 456 UN Doc. E/C.12/2005/4, 11 August 2005, para. 5. 457 Ibid., para. 22. 458 Concluding Observations on Angola, UN Doc. E/C.12/AGO/CO/3, 1 December 2008, para. 40. 459 Concluding Observations on Kenya, UN Doc. E/C.12/KEN/CO/1, 19 November 2008, para. 35. 460 UN Doc. E/C.12/GC/21, 20 November 2009, Art. 15, para. 1 (a). 461 Ibid., para. 25. 462 Ibid., para. 18. 463 Ibid., para. 64. 464 See Concluding Observations on Tanzania, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/TZA/CO/6, 18 July 2008, para. 22; Burundi, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/BDI/CO/4, 8 April 2008, paras 17, 18; Nigeria, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/NGA/CO/6, 18 July 2008, paras 19, 20; Yemen, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/YEM/CO/6, 18 July 2008, paras 14, 15; Saudi Arabia, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/SAU/CO/2, 8 April 2008, para. 16. 465 Concluding Observations on Bolivia, UN Doc. CEDAW/C/BOL/CO/4, 8 April 2008, paras 22, 23. 466 Concluding Observations on: Eritrea, UN Doc. CRC/C/ERI/CO/3, 23 June 2008, para. 61; Kenya, UN Doc. CRC/C/KEN/CO/2, 19 June 2007, para. 53; Sierra Leone, UN Doc. CRC/C/SLE/CO/2, 20 June 2008, paras 57, 58; UN Doc. CRC/C/MLI/CO/2, 3 May 2007, para. 52. 467 For an overview of the procedures available before the HRC, the CESCR, the CERD and the CEDAW, please see the section of this guide on ‘Land rights’ (pp. 30–33). As regards the Committee on the Rights of the Child, please note that this body cannot consider individual complaints. MINORITY GROUPS AND LITIGATION: A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL JURISPRUDENCE 59

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