A/80/181 18. On 17 and 18 June, the Special Rapporteur participated in the Global Land Forum, in Bogotá. In his keynote statement, he emphasized that the green energy transition, while essential, posed serious risks to Indigenous Peoples if it was not grounded in human rights. He warned that many renewable energy and climate projects, including hydroelectric dams and carbon credit schemes, were being implemented on Indigenous lands without proper consultation or consent, often replicating historical injustices, such as land grabs and displacement. He stressed that Indigenous Peoples must be central to the transition, not only because they were the rightful owners of those lands, but also because of their scientific knowledge and the need to redress past harms. He called for a just transition that ensured free, prior and informed consent, direct funding and meaningful participation of Indigenous Peoples, particularly women and young people, so that the green economy could become a path to justice and sustainability rather than a new form of dispossession. 19. From 18 to 22 June, the Special Rapporteur travelled to Panama to participate in dialogues with Indigenous Peoples as a tool for national cohesion, organized by Coordinadora Nacional de Pueblos Indígenas de Panamá. During that time, he met with Indigenous leaders and students from across the country and visited the Emberá, Kuna and Ngobe Buglé communities, including Arimae, Ipeti Embera, Piriati, Akua Yala and El Piro. The visit was conducted at a time when Panama was experiencing widespread social protests and many Indigenous community members felt that they were under unprecedented and targeted attacks. He highlighted the importance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as a remedial instrument to overcome historical injustices and safeguard Indigenous Peoples’ rights in democratic States. 20. From 30 June to 2 July, the Special Rapporteur visited Nepal at the invitation of the organization Rights and Resources Initiative and took part in meetings and discussions focused on Indigenous Peoples’ rights and the organization’s activities related to land and resources. He delivered a keynote address emphasizing the distinctive nature of Indigenous Peoples’ land rights, underscoring their foundation in the principle of self-determination and the international norm of non-racial discrimination. He concluded by urging solidarity among rights holders, with respect for diversity and distinct rights. During the visit to Nepal, he held meetings with the National Federation of Indigenous Nationalities, the National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities and the Indigenous Nationalities Commission. Those organizations serve as, respectively, a civil society federation, a government institution for public service delivery and a constitutional body responsible for monitoring the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal. 21. From 3 to 12 July, the Special Rapporteur travelled to Indonesia to participate in human rights dialogues organized by Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara, with Indigenous Peoples and civil society organizations in Papua, Poco Leok (Flores) and Bogor (West Java). In particular, the dialogues provided an opportunity to highlight principles of international law concerning Indigenous Peoples’ land rights, such as the grounding of those rights in the principles of self -determination and non-discrimination, and the recognition of customary ownership as the basis for processes of demarcation and titling. The information shared by Indigenous communities will be an important contribution to his continued work on those topics. 22. At the time of the submission of the present report, the Special Rapporteur was actively participating in the eighteenth session of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, held from 14 to 18 July in Geneva. 23. Based on those experiences, the Special Rapporteur has witnessed and demonstrated the significant potential of his mandate to advance the promotion and protection of Indigenous Peoples’ rights at the global level. However, the demand for 6/21 25-11701