A/80/181 to Arctic security. The Committee exemplifies how Indigenous Peoples can serve as strategic partners, rather than being considered as a liability, and can contribute invaluable traditional knowledge and regional expertise. By fostering trust and structured collaboration, the Committee enhances the cultural relevance and effectiveness of security policies in the Artic. This model demonstrates the importance of integrating Indigenous Peoples’ voices into decision -making processes to build resilient, community-informed approaches to sovereignty and defence. 48 78. This Inuit approach and good practice, along with the other few existing cases, should be documented and analysed further, with a view to strengthening the argument that Indigenous Peoples have a key role to play in international security. The Special Rapporteur is therefore seeking to collaborate with interested stakeholders for focused regional studies to provide more information that could assist the Security Council in evaluating the merits of a specific resolution on Indigenous Peoples and international security. Additional evidence may also provide information to States concerning the processes of demarcation, registration and titling of Indigenous Peoples’ lands. IV. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 79. In the present interim report, the Special Rapporteur outlines the context in which Indigenous Peoples’ land rights are situated at the global level. It is intended to provide background for further discussion and analysis in his final report. 80. Indigenous Peoples’ lands are not mere commodities for sale, mortgage or cession; they are an integral part of the identity and cultural continuity of Indigenous Peoples, including future generations. Indigenous Peoples’ land rights are unique in nature, scope, grounding and weight. These rights are considered inherent and permanent, involve collective ownership and serve as a pillar for other rights of Indigenous Peoples. They are universally accepted rights under international law, but reformulated to redress particular historical wrongs affecting peoples and nations that were dominated by others and culturally subsumed for decades. Indigenous Peoples’ lands serve also as a foundation for numerous other rights, including those related to health, education, employment, spirituality, livelihoods and food sovereignty. 81. The interim evaluation of regional trends regarding the identification, demarcation, registration and titling of Indigenous Peoples’ lands by States indicates a wide range of practices. Notable inconsistencies have been observed both across and within regions. Certain States are in the initial phases of demarcation. These are predominantly countries in which Indigenous Peoples continue to encounter challenges related to being recognized as such. While other States have enacted constitutional or statutory protections for Indigenous Peoples’ lands, the implementation of these legal frameworks is often hindered by competing political, economic and environmental priorities. In some cases, countries are even backsliding after earlier progress. 82. Increasing external and State interests in Indigenous Peoples’ lands, driven by carbon markets, conservation areas, the green energy transition and demand __________________ 48 18/21 See www.itk.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/An-Inuit-Vision-for-Arctic-Sovereignty-SecurityDefence.pdf and www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/91763/ssoarpoliticsgovernance-2024-rodrigues-Human_Security_of_Inuit_and.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 25-11701