A/79/160 farming. The sea nomads have urged the State to recategorize the natural reserve to restrict commercial activities, these requests have not been heeded. 119 52. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has expressed concern for the Tsimane Indigenous Peoples of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, whose cultural and economic survival is at risk due to the expansion of economic activities in their territories. Those activities are proceeding despite the establishment of comprehensive protection zones to safeguard them. 120 53. In Sweden, the largest producer of iron ore in Europe, mining projects are expanding despite concerns expressed by the Special Rapporteur. 121 The Sami lost their appeal in the contested Gallok mine case at the Supreme Administrative Court on 25 June 2024. 54. The Government of India has developed two megaprojects – the “Holistic Development of Great Nicobar Island” and the “Sustainable Development of Little Andaman Island - Vision Document”, which will threaten the survival of the Shompen and Sentinelese hunter-gatherers living in voluntary isolation. 122 3. Tourism 55. In Jordan, tourism sites frequently exploit, dispossess and displace Bedouin herders, while using their cultural heritage for commercial gain. Petra, home to the Bedouin for approximately 500 years, is Jordan’s most visited tourist site. Following its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Bedouin were removed from the area and voluntarily resettled; however, replacement housing was inadequate, without space for animals, and the compensation was insufficient to replace lost livelihoods. 123 56. In Brazil, Guaraní Indigenous Peoples are losing access to their lands owing to the construction of the Maraey luxury resort in a coastal wetland biological reserve. The Guaraní word “Maraey” was appropriated for commercial use without their permission. The Guaraní fear for their lives, as waters are polluted by construction, despite two rulings of the Supreme Court to protect their lands. 124 57. Many sea people constantly move from place to place in boats, living almost entirely on the water and relying on fishing for their livelihoods. The coral reefs and mangroves frequented by sea people are increasingly the target of commercial activities and tourism projects that are developed without sufficient waste management systems, affecting biodiversity and fish stocks and closing off access to critical marine areas. Indigenous knowledge of the sea is being exploited for commercial purposes, and subsistence fishers are pressured to gather resources for distant consumers. This has led to the Moken being perceived as the source of coastal degradation, especially where protected areas have been created. 125 Some seafaring people whose livelihoods have been eroded are gradually settling on coasts and small islands, and developing land-based livelihoods. On land, they encounter discrimination, cultural differences, social problems and difficulty in accessing resources. __________________ 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 24-13045 Alan Friedlander and others, Kawésqar: Conocimiento Tradicional, Biodiversidad y Recomendaciones de Conservación. Informe de la Expedición National Geographic Pristine Seas y los Pueblos Kawésqar y Yagán (2021). CERD/C/BOL/CO/21-24, para. 33. Communication No. SWE 2/2022. Communication CERD/EWUAP/106thsession/2022/MJ/CS/KS. Northumberland University submission. Grenoble Management School submission. Sea Nomads Contact Group submission. 17/28