A/HRC/29/46/Add.1 school students, led to political tensions between the Government and opposition political parties, as attempts to capitalize on the tragedy led to further polarization between the Government and the opposition. 8. Over the past 30 years, migration flows into the country have increased significantly. As at 1 January 2014, there were 1,569,470 foreign residents, including naturalized Koreans, who accounted for 3.1 per cent of the total registered population of 51,141,463. That means that 1 out of 32 persons is a foreign resident. The growing economic and social problems associated with an ageing population and a low birth rate may also present challenges to society. The birth rate is 1.19 children per woman of childrearing age and is well below the rate of replacement within the population. If those demographic trends continue, by 2060 there could be 80.6 elderly people for every 100 workers, which would present an enormous fiscal challenge to the Government. III. Legal framework for combating racism A. International human rights instruments 9. The Republic of Korea is party to the following core United Nations human rights treaties: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, it has not ratified the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure or the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 10. Other international instruments ratified by the Republic of Korea include the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and the Convention against Discrimination in Education. The Republic of Korea has also ratified the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. B. Constitutional provisions 11. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted on 17 July 1948 and last revised on 29 October 1987, and is fundamental to the national system for promoting and protecting human rights. The Constitution has been amended nine times and almost fully rewritten five times (in 1960, 1962, 1972, 1980 and 1987). 12. The Constitution declares the Republic of Korea a democratic republic, its territory consisting of “the Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands” and that the “Republic of Korea shall seek unification and shall formulate and carry out a policy of peaceful unification based on the principles of freedom and democracy”. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea guarantees human rights and stipulates the scope of the limitation of human rights and the obligation of the State to reaffirm and guarantee the inviolability of 4