E/CN.4/1995/78
page 24
security, derision of national, ethnic or religious symbols, destruction of
items belonging to other persons, desecration of monuments or graveyards is
punishable with one to 10 years in prison.
109. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provides detailed
guarantees in connection with the status of national minorities living in the
Republic. It recognizes and guarantees the rights of national minorities to
preserve, develop and express their ethnic, cultural, linguistic and other
characteristics and to use their national symbols in accordance with
international law. National minorities in Yugoslavia enjoy the freedom of
expression of their national belonging and culture and the right to use their
language and alphabet; they have the right to education and public information
in their own languages. They also have the right to establish their separate
cultural organizations or associations. Separate rights guaranteed to members
of national minorities by the Constitution are regulated by law in greater
detail. The federal law on minority rights is in preparation in the Republic.
110. In its communication of 18 November 1994, the Government of the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia further stated the following:
"The Special Rapporteur is aware of the fact that a vicious media
and propaganda campaign was launched against the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia and the Serb people in the wake of the events in the former
Yugoslavia caused by secession which culminated in the one-sided
condemnation of the Federal Republic and Serbs for these events. A
campaign has resulted in discrimination against the Serb and Montenegrin
peoples and the international isolation of the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
"The media campaign and the sanctions against the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia have also had a negative effect on the status of Yugoslav
migrant workers in the West European and some Islamic countries. The
Government has on several occasions drawn the attention of the
United Nations Secretary-General, the Centre for Human Rights and other
United Nations bodies to the discrimination against Serb children in some
West European countries in the field of education, particularly the
prohibition of instruction in their mother tongue. An example of
discrimination and racism has been the recent publication of secondary
school history textbooks in some Western countries with insulting texts
on the Serb people accusing it for the war in the former Yugoslavia,
imputing to it the idea of the so-called ’Greater Serbia’, and making it
responsible for ethnic cleansing and war crimes."
G.
Swaziland
111. On 20 October 1994, the Government of Swaziland informed the Special
Rapporteur of the following measures taken to overcome racial discrimination.
112. In 1962, the Race Relations Act was enacted to prevent discrimination
by any person against any other group or group of persons based solely on
race or colour. The law requires a complainant to report to the District