CRC/C/MMR/CO/3-4 (c) Strengthen sustained public education, awareness-raising and social mobilization programmes involving children, families, communities and religious leaders on both the physical and psychological harmful effects of corporal punishment with a view to changing the general attitude towards this practice and promote positive, non-violent and participatory forms of child-rearing and discipline as an alternative to corporal punishment; and (d) Ensure the involvement and participation of the whole society, including children, in the design and implementation of preventive strategies against violence and other forms of abuse. E. Family environment and alternative care (arts. 5, 18 (paras. 1-2), 9-11, 19-21, 25, 27 (para. 4) and 39 of the Convention) Children deprived of a family environment 55. While noting that the Department of Social Welfare developed Minimum Standards on Care and Protection of Children in Residential Care (2008), the Committee expresses its concern about the increase in the number of children in residential care facilities; the lack of regulation of private and religious organizations that run residential institutions for children; and reports of physical abuse of children in residential institutions. 56. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Develop a strategy for the deinstitutionalization of children with a clear time frame and budget, which includes the reintegration of children with their families, as far as possible, while taking into account the best interests and the views of the child; (b) Ensure that all residential institutions for children that are run by private and religious organizations are registered and officially authorized to exert as alternative care institutions; (c) Develop clear guidelines in order to ensure that children’s rights are respected throughout the entire process of placement in alternative care, with priority given to family-type and community-based measures; in doing so take into account the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children; (d) Ensure systematic periodic review of the quality of care and regular training, including in child rights, of its relevant professionals; and (e) Establish mechanisms for receiving complaints, investigations and prosecutions for child abuse in alternative care settings and ensure that victims of abuse have access to complaints procedures, counselling, medical care and other recovery assistance as appropriate. Adoption 57. The Committee is concerned that adoption is regulated by different sources of law, namely codified and customary laws, which may undermine the State party’s efforts to ensure that provisions on adoption conform fully to the principles and provisions of the Convention. The Committee is particularly concerned about the lack of application of the Child Law provisions on adoption and the different forms of customary adoption under the 1939 Registration of Kittima Adoptions Act, which only applies to Myanmar Buddhists. The Committee is further concerned about the absence of a thorough agreed monitoring system of adoptions. 11