Inquiry on Syria reported that members of ISIS have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity and pose a clear and present danger to civilians, and particularly minorities, under its control in Syria and in the region. 23. The United Nations, through its UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, have also reported on violence and attacks against religious minorities in Iraq. Members of Iraq’s diverse ethnic and religious communities, including Turkmen, Shabak, Christians, Yezidi, Sabaeans, Kaka’e, Faili Kurds, Arab Shi’a, and others have particularly been affected by the situation. 24. In Myanmar, OHCHR worked to ensure through its engagement with national, regional and international partners in Rakhine state that human rights concerns were mainstreamed into responses to the situation including in relation to the Rohingya minority community. 25. The UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues, Rita Izsak, who visited Nigeria in February 2014, explained that many of those displaced are persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities who have been victims of violence. a. Prevention and selected UN mechanisms 26. The Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and on the Responsibility to Protect work together to advance national and international efforts to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, as well as their incitement. They act as an early warning mechanism by alerting the United Nations system, Member States and civil society for appropriate preventive action. Their analysis is based on the Office’s Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes, which pays specific attention to situations where minority groups are at risk of atrocity crimes. The Framework of Analysis has been recently used to assess several situations involving minorities, including South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Iraq, Syria and Myanmar. 27. The Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect has also developed a paper drawing on the Rabat Plan of Action, which introduces policy options for different stakeholders - including States, civil society, the media, and the international community - to prevent incitement to atrocity crimes. 28. More specifically to the RtoP principle, the Secretary-General’s 2009 report on the responsibility to protect established a framework for implementation based on three pillars. Pillar I encompasses the responsibility of each individual State to “protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.” Pillar II focuses on the international community’s role in encouraging and assisting States in fulfilling their responsibility to protect. Pillar III outlines options for taking collective action, in a “timely and decisive