A/60/283 officers, in order to ensure respect for the dignity and physical and mental integrity of persons who are escorted to the border or turned back. The Commission also suggested improving dialogue with all the persons, authorities and associations concerned and ensuring respect for national and international standards on securityrelated searches and handcuffing.3 In the Special Rapporteur’s view, the fact that such a commission was established and such a report published indicates that Member States are now aware of the seriousness of the problem. 35. The treatment in waiting areas and the conditions of expulsion of refugees and asylum-seekers is also a matter of concern for Amnesty International, which expressed its concerns on the occasion of World Refugee Day on 20 June 2005. To mark this date, the non-governmental organization published three reports on detention and practices relating to expulsion in the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain, even though it did stress that such practices are a reality in most parts of the world.4 36. In general terms, Amnesty International noted that conditions of detention often do not respect standards relating to fundamental human rights. People are detained in unsatisfactory conditions of hygiene for prolonged periods of time and are unable to contest the legality or necessity of their detention or to file a complaint for mistreatment, as in most cases the possibility of obtaining legal assistance is limited, if not non-existent. Allegations of excessive use of force by law enforcement officers or managerial staff are also a cause for concern. B. Racism and sports 37. The Special Rapporteur discussed the issue of racism in sport in his previous report to the General Assembly (A/59/329), in response to General Assembly resolution 58/160 which requested him “to pay special attention to the increasing frequency of incidents of racism at various sporting events”. At its fifty-ninth session, the General Assembly, in its resolution 59/177, while noting with appreciation the efforts made by some sporting governing bodies to combat racism, expressed its concern at the increasing incidence of racism in various sporting events. 38. In his general report to the sixty-first session of the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/2005/18), the Special Rapporteur drew attention to the increase in racist incidents in sport, in particular in football. Among the reasons for this increase, he has noted that the noble ideals of competition and mutual respect are being eroded by the exacerbation of the nationalistic dimension of competitions and the overemphasis on money. 39. He has also noted that the increase in violence and openly racist incidents is illustrated not only by the actions of some supporters, but also by the comments and behaviour of coaches of famous teams who trivialize or legitimize racist or __________________ 3 4 14 Ibid., p. 15. See also submissions 2003-17 and 2003-19 in the same volume. See The human cost of “Fortress Europe”: Detention and expulsion of asylum-seekers and migrants in the EU. Amnesty International Open Letter to the incoming UK Presidency on the occasion of World Refugee Day; Italy: Temporary stay — Permanent rights: The treatment of foreign nationals detained in ‘temporary stay and assistance centres’ (CPTAs); and Spain: The Southern Border, The State turns its back on the human rights of refugees and immigrants.