A/HRC/30/54 implemented bilingual education in schools in their region for the previous 10 years. However, the national education system in general did not respond to the specific needs of the Kuna people, often alienating them from their cultural and linguistic identity. E. Non-discrimination and equality 53. The questionnaire posed the following question to States and indigenous peoples: “Have specific legislative, policy, or administrative measures relating to non-discrimination and equality been adopted? If yes, please provide details. If not, please outline any plans to develop legislative, policy or administrative measures in this area.” 54. Non-discrimination and equality are a central principle of human rights. As article 2 of the Declaration states, “Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals, and have the right to be free from any kind of discrimination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity.” 55. Some States, including Cuba and Paraguay, noted that discrimination was prohibited under domestic law. Costa Rica identified not only domestic laws and policies, but also its ratification of international human rights instruments that prohibited all forms of discrimination. Costa Rica had a National Policy for a Society Free from Racism, Discrimination and Xenophobia, which in addition to strengthening the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights (and those of other groups), also sought to improve their living conditions. 56. Guatemala indicated that, in addition to national laws against racial discrimination, there was also a national policy for the advancement of women, which promoted the participation of Maya, Garifuna and Xinka women in the areas of economic, social, political and cultural development. 57. In 2015, the Government of Japan was to conduct a national survey on Ainu issues to find out and analyse the current level of public understanding of discrimination against the Ainu and determine the actual situation of discrimination against the Ainu. The results of this survey would be used when developing future policies. 58. Peru had taken steps to improve access to health, including adapting services to the particular needs of indigenous peoples. This included a national multisectoral health coordinating process with participation by civil society and indigenous organizations in the preparation and monitoring of the implementation of proposals in the areas of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. 59. There were efforts being made by the Government of Burundi to change the negative perceptions that other Burundians had of the Batwa people. The Burundi Constitution also recognized that all citizens were equal before the law. Furthermore, the national human rights policy had a chapter specifically relating to the Batwa. 60. Similarly to the State responses, several responses from indigenous peoples referred to constitutional and other provisions relating to non-discrimination and equality before the law. However, these responses also emphasized that there was a significant implementation gap and that indigenous peoples continued to be victims of discrimination, including in accessing social services. F. Lands, territories and resources 61. The questionnaire posed the following question to States and indigenous peoples: “Have specific legislative, policy, or administrative measures been adopted to implement 9