III • Minorities and effective participation in economic life III. RECOMMENDATIONS A. Governments 16. Governments should eliminate de jure and de facto discrimination affecting participation in economic life for minorities. Measures must be taken to eliminate discrimination against minorities in both the public and private sectors, including in the key fields of employment and labour rights, financial services, education and training, productivity-enhancing technologies, social security, land tenure and property rights. Governments should recognize and address multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination against minorities, including on the basis of sex, age, sexual orientation and gender identity or disability and their compounded negative impact on the women and other groups concerned. 18. Governments should ensure that there are strong penalties that are rigorously enforced for violation of laws on non-discrimination. Conversely, incentives for compliance and good practice should be meaningful. Guidelines and examples of positives practices should be easily accessible. Complaints mechanisms and remedies for violations of the right to non-discrimination by public and private sector actors and institutions should be equally accessible to persons belonging to minorities. Legal aid schemes targeting minority groups should be provided to ensure protection of their rights and access to justice. 19. Public sector employees should be provided with training on non-discrimination and cultural awareness in delivery of Government services. Access by minorities to Government services can be improved, for example, through the provision of services in minority languages, active outreach to minority communities, and branch offices in regions where minorities predominantly live. 20. Governments should gather, analyse and regularly publish disaggregated data to measure and monitor the effective participation of minorities in economic life. Improved data collection should be made a priority with regard to employment and labour rights, poverty rates, access to social services, social security, credit and other financial services, education, vocational training and land tenure rights. Data should be benchmarked and disaggregated by, inter alia, ethnicity, language and religion, and cross-tabulated by sex, age, disability and urban-rural and/or geographical residence. 21. Data should be gathered in a manner that is consistent with the right of minorities to self-identification, using transparent methodology that is consistent with international standards on privacy protections including, inter alia, informed consent Compilation of Recommendations of the First Four Sessions 2008 to 2011 31 ECONOMIC LIFE 17. Governments should ensure sufficient allocation of resources to implement fully domestic and international standards on non-discrimination. This includes sufficient resources for the development of indicators and benchmarks and for the regular monitoring of direct and indirect discrimination in access to economic and social rights.