E/CN.4/1991/56 page 30 "A person who, for serious reasons connected with profound religious or moral beliefs, cannot perform armed military service as provided for in the Military Service Act (452/50) may request exemption in times of peace. While exempted from armed military service he shall perform unarmed military service or a substitute community service in accordance with the provisions of this Act (art. 1). Unarmed military service shall be 90 days longer, and substitute community service shall be 240 days longer than normal military service." (art. 3 ) . Paragraph 1 of article 1 of the Act on exemption from military service for Jehovah's Witnesses in certain circumstances (645/85) stipulates: "Anyone who furnishes proof that he is a member of the religious community registered as Jehovah's Witnesses and declares that, for serious reasons connected with profound beliefs, cannot perform armed military service or a substitute service may, despite the provisions of the Military Service Act (452/50) and the Unarmed Military Service and Substitute Community Service Act (132/60), benefit from deferral and be exempted from military service in times of peace, in accordance with provisions of this Act." Germany "According to Article 4(3) of the Basic Law, everyone has the basic right to object to compulsory military service on grounds of conscience. That provision reads: 'No one may be compelled against his conscience to render war service involving the use of arms'. Details shall be regulated by a federal law. 'War service' in this sense is any activity directly connected with the use of weapons of war. The right to refuse military service is given a wide interpretation and also applies in times of peace. Refusal to do military service must be the result of a decision of conscience. Whether such refusal is justified is determined in a statutory procedure. However, those who are recognized as conscientious objectors are required, by virtue of the principle of equality before the law anchored in Article 3 of the Basic Law, to perform a substitute service. The relevant provision of the constitution (Art. 12a (2) of the Basic Law) reads as follows: A person who refuses, on grounds of conscience, to render war service involving the use of arms may be required to render a substitute service. The duration of such substitute service shall not exceed the duration of military service. Details shall be regulated by a law which shall not interfere with the freedom of conscience and must also provide for the possibility of a substitute service not connected with the armed forces or the federal border guard. The laws governing refusal on grounds of conscience to serve in the armed forces, dated 28 February 1983 (Federal Law Gazette Part I, p. 203), amended by the law of 30 June 1989 (Federal Law Gazette Part I, p. 1290), and civilian service by conscientious objectors, as published by notification of 31 June 1986 (Federal Law Gazette Part I, p. 1205), amended by article 5 of the law of 26 June 1990 (Federal Law Gazette Part I, p. 1211-1216), stipulate that 'persons who refuse on grounds of conscience to be involved in the use of force between States and therefore invoke Article 4 (3), first sentence, of the Basic Law in support of their refusal to render military service with the