- Lack of effective mechanisms and binding chart-law that oblige all the UN member states to practice the human right chart of 1948 - Lack of tolerance and diversity culture specially in non democratic countries -• Lack of education programs that teaches tolerance culture and social justice - Poverty & Bad economic situation SOME OF THE MA IN suggestions for solutions to protect and for effective political participation: -Adopting a clear UN, conditional resoultion with a clear mechanism to apply the human right declaration, 1948 chart, -Establishing a clear mechanism to bring equality between minorities and majority Positive descrimination for a limited period of time can be applied to accelerate practically such process. -Making a universal scholar program to teach and enhence, profoundly the tolerance human rights and diversity culture . -Granting quoata (reserved seates for minorities in all the elected councils in all levels to enable them to elect their real representatives. Monitoring the elections to assure transparency and fair resluts and particiaption in all levels of govermental insitutions.