A/HRC/36/56 expresses and reflects legal commitments under the Charter of the United Nations, as well as treaties, judicial decisions, principles and customary international law. 10. The section below confirms that many of the rights contained in the Declaration are already guaranteed by major international human rights instruments and have been given significant normative strength, including through the work of the treaty bodies, regional and national courts. III. International bodies implementing the Declaration A. United Nations treaty bodies and special procedures 11. The Declaration has strengthened the work of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies to pay particular attention to the situation of indigenous peoples in the monitoring of human rights treaties. To some extent, the 10 treaty bodies (the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Human Rights Committee, Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Committee against Torture, Committee on Migrant Workers, Committee on Enforced Disappearances, Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) 8 deal with indigenous rights. Indigenous peoples can claim their rights in all human rights treaties, but some treaties make explicit reference to those rights. Nonetheless, access to such bodies is still very restricted, as most indigenous peoples in the world are not aware of their existence and, in many countries, they may also be unaware of the Declaration and national legislation that protects their rights. Access to justice by indigenous peoples is a significant issue for the enjoyment of human rights and demands stronger communication and information initiatives from the various actors. 12. Under the reporting procedures of the treaties, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has made the highest number of recommendations in the past ten years (470), followed by the Committee on the Rights of the Child (232), the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (172), the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (143), the Human Rights Committee (74), the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (29), the Committee against Torture (23), the Committee on Migrant Workers (2) and the Committee on Enforced Disappearances (1). 9 The number of recommendations made by the treaty bodies relates, inter alia, to: the extent to which indigenous rights are specifically mentioned in the treaties or drawn from other articles; the number of States that have ratified the treaty and have indigenous peoples; and the extent to which indigenous peoples feed into the treaty body process. 13. It is no surprise that the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, which specifically deals with the elimination of racial discrimination and has adopted 8 9 The Committees monitor the implementation by States of the rights enshrined in the following treaties: the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; the Convention on the Rights of the Child; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families; and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. The Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is a subcommittee of the Committee against Torture. The Committee on Enforced Disappearances has also considered indigenous issues under its urgent action procedure, including the cases of an indigenous leader of the Yaqui nation, and the leader of the Organización campesina de los pueblos indígenas de Ayutla. The Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture also brings up indigenous issues in its reports following monitoring visits to places of detention. 5

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