A/HRC/36/56
natural resources without the consent of the concerned indigenous peoples. In arriving at its
decision, the Court made reference to articles 26-28 of the Declaration, indicating that,
although it was not binding, the Declaration was relevant for the purposes of interpreting
the Constitution of Belize as it related to indigenous rights.
D.
United Nations agencies and other multilateral actors
44.
OHCHR continues to engage with indigenous peoples to support implementation of
the Declaration, through its field offices. For example, the OHCHR office in Guatemala,
along with the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, provided support to
indigenous women in a landmark 2016 case in which a Guatemalan court recognized as a
crime against humanity the sexual violence committed against indigenous women of the
village of Sepur Zarco during the internal armed conflict in the 1980s. Recognition of
indigenous peoples’ rights and their inclusion and participation in the review of the United
Nations Development Assistance Framework and/or workplans by all country offices, in
line with the Declaration/ILO Convention No. 169, would ensure a more robust approach to
indigenous issues across the United Nations system.
45.
As well as the Expert Mechanism, the other two United Nations mechanisms
supporting indigenous peoples — the Permanent Forum and the Special Rapporteur on the
rights of indigenous peoples — provide important guidance and recommendations to all
stakeholders in the implementation of the Declaration. The coordination between them is a
good example of a coherent approach to the implementation of indigenous rights. This
includes the participation of the Special Rapporteur in the sessions of the mechanisms,
allowing for parallel meetings with indigenous peoples’ representatives and others, joint
statements and coordination meetings. Even closer collaboration will be required as the
Expert Mechanism develops its new mandate. Partnerships with national human rights
institutions, which have become increasingly important in helping to achieve the aims of
the Declaration, should be further encouraged in this context.
46.
In 2014, Member States reaffirmed their support for the Declaration at the World
Conference on Indigenous Peoples, the outcome document of which 45 contains many
commitments, two of which are of particular significance. One commitment culminated in
the General Assembly consultation process aiming to enhance the participation of
indigenous peoples’ representatives in meetings of United Nations bodies on issues
affecting them. Those consultations are ongoing and have so far produced a draft resolution
that is currently before the General Assembly, and the appointment of indigenous cofacilitators in the Conference. However, additional work is required to ensure all bodies and
organizations throughout the United Nations system enable the participation of indigenous
peoples’ own representatives and institutions in relevant meetings on issues affecting them.
47.
The second significant commitment made by States through the United Nations
relates to the preparation of national action plans to implement the Declaration. While some
States have developed sector-specific national strategies relating to indigenous peoples, 46 to
date only a small number of States, including El Salvador and Paraguay, appear to be
developing specific action plans for indigenous peoples. It is relevant to note that the
Paraguayan national action plan also makes reference to the protection of indigenous
peoples in voluntary isolation, an issue on which OHCHR published guidelines in 2012
reflecting Declaration rights. It is difficult to see how States can comprehensively realize
the full set of Declaration rights without an action plan that covers all the articles in the
Declaration, or without taking into account the findings and recommendations of
international human rights mechanisms, or without the participation of all sectors of
indigenous people’s society.
48.
A further element to come out of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples was
a request that the United Nations develop a system-wide action plan on indigenous peoples
to develop a coherent approach to achieving the ends of the Declaration. In 2011, ILO,
45
46
12
General Assembly resolution 69/2, annex.
Australia, Finland, New Zealand and the Philippines.